Kulanga D & rsquo; ANAYAMBA TUITION.

A methodological Kulakwitsa ntchito ndi boma ndipo zotsatira za kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kukwera tuition zolipira kwa gawo labwino la anthu.

Anthu akhala akunena kuti nthawi ya kudza ku tuition chindapusa analibe kwenikweni pa gulu mitengo pa yunivesite. Chalakwika ndi chiyani. Après la hausse de 1989-95 il y a eu une baisse de 13 % chiwerengero cha & rsquo; ophunzira thireyi (Zindikirani 1, tsamba zip 38, Chikalata 49).

Zambiri, Izi Choyamba kufunika, si chiwerengero cha zolemba koma maphunziro mlingo. Kaya, chiwerengero cha ophunzira amene kudutsa kudza ndi kumaliza maphunziro awo.

 

Voici quelques statistiques :

 

HAUSSE DU CHÔMAGE :

– Potsatira kuwonjezeka tuition chindapusa 1990-1995, kukwera ulova 10,4 kuti 13,2 % (+2,9%) a 1990 kuti 1993 pamene chiwerengero cha anthu mu m'badwo kulowa koleji kapena ogwira ntchito anatsika ndi 5 %.(2) Ndiye akuponya ku ulova 13,2 % kuti 8,3 % (-4,9%) a 1993 kuti 2005 (Zindikirani 1, tsamba 19). Monga osanjidwa mtengo wa yunivesite chindapusa yafupika, maphunziro mlingo auka ndi ulova mathithi.

 

– Kukwera ulova 7,1 Mfundo palibe digiri ya ku yunivesite ku 1993 kuyelekeza ndi 1990 kutsatira kuwonjezeka tuition chindapusa 1990 kuti 1994. 1,7 kuloza kuposa Canada pafupifupi.

– Ndiye ngongole ulova mlingo 5 ananena kuposa Canada pafupifupi 1996 kuti 2005. (1, tsamba 21)

 

CHUTE DES ÉTUDIANTS À TEMPS PARTIEL :

– Dontho la pafupifupi 20% chiwerengero cha ganyu ophunzira pambuyo kukwera 1990-1994. Antchito amene kuphunzira ganyu kapena amene akufuna retrain anali mwina oyamba kukhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezeka, akuchedwa kapena kalekale ankasiya maphunziro. (1, tsamba 38-39)

-Musaiwale kuti & rsquo; gawo nthawi ophunzira n & rsquo; sadzalandira ngongole ndi wapereka.

-Ndipo & rsquo; wophunzira ganyu sangathe deduct ndi tuition misonkho chifukwa alibe ndalama basi d & rsquo; Tax.

 

CHUTE DE LA PROGRESSION DU TAUX DE LA DIPLOMATION UNIVERSITAIRE :

– Kukwera tuition 1990 kuti 1994 anachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kalembera amene anali kukwera chaka pa chaka. (1, tsamba 38-39)

 

Kugwa kwa KUKULA kuchuluka AKAZI pa yunivesite

– Kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero cha akazi mu utumiki wa nthawi 1 mkombero anaima kusamukira zaka zingapo chifukwa kuwonjezera 90-94 ndi kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ganyu akazi ngakhale regressed pambuyo kukwera. (1, tsamba 38-39)

 

Kugwa kwa Chiwerengero cha ophunzira pa yunivesite

– Kuchepetsa 10% chiwerengero cha yunivesite wophunzira pakati 1991 kuti 1998 kutsatira Kukwera 1991-1994. (1, tsamba 44-45) pamene chiwerengero cha anthu m'badwo zaziwerengero awo yunivesite pakhomo anali 14% a 1992 kuti 1999 (2). Kutanthauza okwana ongolankhula kuchepa 24 % chiwerengero cha yunivesite zotsatirazi ponso 300 % tuition pakati pasukulu 1989-90 kuti 1994-95 (1, tsamba 55).

-Ngakhale anthu basi d & rsquo; kucheza ophunzira ndi wolimba(8, tsamba 14)

 

Kugwa kwa maphunziro Mlingo

– Pamene gululo cha ophunzira 1993-1996 anali ndi maphunziro kugunda mu mlingo wa 30% mlingo anali amagwa 25% gululo 1997-2000. Kaya, ndi kuchepa mu maphunziro mlingo 17% (2, tsamba 52), (3, tsamba 3). Iwo patenga 10 zaka kubwerera yemweyo maphunziro mlingo 30 %.

– The kuchuluka kwa ophunzirawo anali 9% apamwamba 10 Patapita zaka ukutuluka 22 kuti 30% maphunziro mphamvu ya kuwonjezeka yafupika ndi kufufuma.(9)

 

Imfa ya BOMA Revenue

– Boma doubly penalized ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ku yunivesite kapena akuchedwa awo maphunziro. Mu 2 Ngati boma makamaka mosatsata msonkho revenues ndi apamwamba msonkho kwa ndalama. Ophunzirawo kupeza awo ambiri nkhokwe 26 chaka chimodzi(4, tsamba 10), 24,4 zaka zoyambirira Quebec (mu 2003) zambiri, 26 zaka zonse ophunzira mu Quebec 2005 (5, tsamba 17 ndipo 58) boma wopanda kusiyana msonkho revenues pakati pa anthu osakhala maphunziro ndi maphunziro kwa pafupifupi 3 zaka revenues, monga ena Canada, kuyambira thireyi ayenera zambiri zopezera 23 chaka chimodzi. Ndipo 32 zaka ulamuliro mmalo mwa ongolankhula pafupifupi 25 chaka chimodzi, kaya 7 Patapita zaka (5, tsamba 58).(7)

 

– Osanenapo kumbuyo misonkho msonkho anataya kukwera akusowa ntchito akumka.

– Mwamphamvu kuti msonkho mawerengedwe mmene boma anataya, mpaka tsopano ndipo kwa zaka zambiri ndi imfa ya ndalama, chifukwa, za, 100 000 anthu amene anapitiriza maphunziro awo analembedwa pa anthu d & rsquo; aujourd & rsquo; hui.

 

Komanso & rsquo; ndi kuwonjezeka tuition chindapusa n & rsquo; bwino mfundo :

– Maphunziro mitengo pamwamba 2 kapena 3 nthawi m'munsi mwa akumidzi (Far North) ndipo yunivesite m'tauni (monga Quebec) (5, tsamba 14).

– 2 Apanso yunivesite kuposa pakati olemera ovutika m'madera(5, tsamba 15).

 

– Chuma kukangana si kwezani mmwamba zifukwa kuwonjezeka, akapanda kutsatira kopitilira muyeso-ndiwofatsa maganizo kwambiri, m'masiku ochepa patsogolo.

– Popeza sing'anga ndi yaitali imfa ya revenues ku zigawo boma wamkulu kuposa ndalama, osati kuwerenga imfa ena palliers. (10)

 

Malingaliro :

– Pamene cholozera za chiwerengero cha maphunziro ntchito ikukula likunena kwa cholozera 100 mu 1990 kuti 192 mu 2005. (1, tsamba 22) Tinachita usiku yunivesite pamene ankafuna ali likunena kukwera.

– Onani kuti pakhoza kukhala anthu kuchepa, Choncho mtengo, a 17 % anthu d & rsquo chiwerengero; yunivesite ku Quebec anthu d & rsquo; kuno 8 chaka chimodzi (tsamba 14)*. Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ophunzira 21% ndi 10 chaka chimodzi(2), umene sanayenere kufunika ndi kuwonjezeka tuition chindapusa.

– Pakuti tsopano likutuluka tuition chindapusa amathanso kuteteza zikwi, mukuona zikwi pachaka, kupeza maphunziro apamwamba.

– Amene amatsutsana nazo kwathuthu zipatso, chifukwa ife kale kuti ife chilemetso kuperewera ndi kukakamizidwa pantchito ya mwana boomers akuyamba.

– Tikaganizira kale zotsatira za kuwuka tuition, Quebec chiopsezo kugwera kuvuta kwachuma kukwera tuition, ngati osati yaitali Kusayenda, monga momwe zinalili pa zaka 90, kutsatira kuwonjezeka tuition chindapusa 1990-95 .

 

DÉBAT ÉTHIQUE :

– Beyond chuma mtsutso adzakhala wamkulu komanso woyamba kukambirana ufulu maphunziro ndi ufulu, monga momwe zilili m'mayiko ambiri(6) ndipo ambiri m'mayiko, kuphatikizapo anthu amphamvu zachuma akupeza (Brazil, China, Mu, etc.).

– Izo tione Canada malamulo (opanda pake chifukwa konse anawavomereza referendum) passeist zimene zimatsimikizira kuti ufulu pulayimale ndi sekondale, tinatengera kwa nthawi pamene anthu, kapena pafupifupi, sanali kupita ku koleji.

– Ndipo tikhoza wankhanza ufulu achikhazikitso monga ufulu maphunziro? Ngakhale sanaletse munthu tifike kwa maphunziro apamwamba?

Ndiye tili ndi ufulu kusokoneza loto & rsquo wina 100 000 anthu?

Popanda kukhala kukhala anthu d & rsquo school apamwamba msonkho chifukwa & rsquo; pali zochepa anthu d & rsquo; yunivesite kugawana ndalama.

 

Yves Marineau

Katswiri

Sources :

 

(1)Statistique Canada :

www.crepuq.qc.ca/IMG/pdf/indicateurs-2.pdf (masamba kutchulidwa ndi anthu a PDF chikalata, wonjezerani 11 kwa tsamba nambala ya chikalata.)

 

(2)Statistique Québec :

http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/societe/demographie/pyramide_age.htm

 

(3)Découvrir :

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CEgQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chss.uqam.ca%2FPortals%2F0%2Fdocs%2Farticles%2FArticleChiffres_YGingras_DecouvrirMai2010.pdf&ei=RameT4GrB-i40QH_4qnkAw&usg=AFQjCNEuOuVCLQcN-peEVEl-T2chwTPfiw

 

(4) Institut de recherche en politique publiques :

www.irpp.org/fr/pubs/IRPPStudy/IRPP_study_no8.pdf

 

(5) Ministère de l’éducation :

www.mels.gouv.qc.ca / ziwerengero / bolodi / bulletin_33.pdf

(6) Wikipedia (tsankhu mndandanda) :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_education#List_of_countries_with_free_post-secondary_education

(7) Ndinafunsa Quebec ziwerengero ambiri zaka maphunziro kwa zaka kutsatira adzauka mu tuition chindapusa 90-95 koma ine sanalandire zotsatira za lero (2012-05-07). Munthu angathe ndikuganiza kuti kuwonjezeka anali ndi zoipa kwenikweni chifukwa chiwerengero cha ophunzira utachepa. Choncho, pali nthawi kuti apeze thireyi, mu nthawi kutsatira adzauka mu ndalama. Ndiyo imfa ya zina revenues boma.

(8) HTTP://www.crepuq.qc.ca/IMG/pdf/Evolution_Demande_etudes_1ercycle_janvier2011.pdf

(9) Chiwerengero anthu d & rsquo; yachilendo ophunzira chinawonjezeka kwambiri, le taux de diplomation réel a pu diminué mais les données étant fragmentaire pour seulement les non-diplômé du collégial il est difficile dans connaître le niveau exacte, amaonera (8), tsamba 20).

(10) View: “Kukwera tuition amapulumutsa ... chisoni! Ndalama 2 biliyoni chaka ku Quebec boma”

N.B. 1- Ziwerengero ali anamaliza.

2- J & rsquo; 've zimenezi kafukufuku wodzipereka mu tsiku kapena awiri. Iwo S & rsquo; Choncho kuyambirira zotsatira zofuna ndi kuzama. Izi ziyenera zambiri kumachitidwa ndi Utumiki wa & rsquo; Education ndi Unduna wa Zachuma anapereka deputies mwina ndale, ndale palokha ndipo woonamtima. Choncho, osankhidwa ndi boma, koma ndi anthu, kuti m & rsquo; kuonetsetsa kuti boma kutenga kuchita malingana woona komanso sanali hijacked zapadera zofuna. Ndipo zotsatira za maphunziro ayenera kukhala poyera.

 

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